Slovo úvodem

doc. MUDr. Romana Ryšavá, CSc.

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(4):159  

Unlicensed and off-label drug use in children

Petra Langerová, Jiří Vrtal, Jana Fürstová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(4):161-165  

Many common drugs have not been registered for use in children or their prescription for children is limited to a certain age. Therefore, they are sometimes prescribed as unlicensed (drugs unregistered for children) or off-label (prescribed for children younger than those for whom the drug is registered). In this study, we evaluated the incidence of this type of prescription for medicinal products prescribed by the Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Olomouc in a period of 3 months. A total of 4,174 prescriptions for 2,100 children were evaluated. Unlicensed or off-label drugs were found in 8.62 % of prescriptions. Unlicensed prescriptions...

Drug-induced renal injury with regard to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Zoltán Varga, Milan Kriška, Veronika Slezáková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(4):166-170  

Drug-induced renal injury represents a frequently discussed, yet, in clinical medicine, often underestimated problem. Physicians of various specializations encounter adverse drug reactions affecting the kidneys. The importance of the issue is underlined by the high number of drugs with nephrotoxic potential. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are among the most prescribed drug groups worldwide, with numerous preparations being available over the counter. Active substances belonging to this group have non-negligible potential to cause drug-induced renal injury. The risk is accentuated in the case of concomitant use of other drugs capable...

Bardoxolone - can glomerular filtration rate be increased safely in the long term even in patients with advanced

Vladimír Tesař

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(4):171-174  

renal insufficiency? Chronic kidney diseases are usually of progressive nature when a certain degree of reduced glomerular filtration rate is achieved. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system slows but does not stop the progression of chronic renal insufficiency. In addition to haemodynamic factors (glomerular hypertension), microinflammation and oxidative stress along with the progression of renal insufficiency obviously play an increasingly important role. Bardoxolone activates the Keap1/Nrf2 system and has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. One-year treatment of patients with advanced chronic renal insufficiency with bardoxolone...

Respiratory syncytial virus - preventive and therapeutic options

František Kopřiva, Vladimír Mihál

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(4):175-180  

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common respiratory pathogen in infants and young children worldwide. This review summarizes the history, microbiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of this infection. RSV treatment modalities are mainly supportive. Currently, immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab is the management strategy of choice.

Personalized medicine and biomarkers in oncology

Vladimíra Koudeláková^*, Magdalena Kneblová^*, Marián Hajdúch

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(4):181-185  

This paper describes current options of personalized medicine in oncology, particularly the importance of predictive biomarkers for targeted treatment response. The authors discuss the routinely used biomarkers as well as tested biomarkers. Verification and subsequent usage of these biomarkers in clinical practice is currently the subject of intensive research.

Pharmacogenetics and drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions

Jan Strojil, Hana Suchánková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(4):186-189  

Drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions, despite their relatively low incidence, present a significant problem for patients, physicians, the health-care system and pharmaceutical industry alike. Drug induced liver injury is one of the most common reasons for marketing authorization withdrawal. Hypersensitivity reactions are difficult to predict and often stay undetected during clinical trials leading to drug authorization. In the last decade, a number of genetic markers, mostly in the MHC system, have been identified helping to identify patients at an increased risk of these immunologically mediated adverse reactions. This paper reviews the...

Bosentan in treating vascular complications of systemic sclerosis

David Suchý, Pavel Jeremiáš, Milan Hromádka

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(4):190-193  

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology characterized by vasculopathy and fibrosis. Digital ischemia presented as Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) or digital ulcers (DUs) is the hallmark of SSc-related vasculopathy. DUs are a frequent complication and are associated with significant morbidity. This paper briefly summarizes the current approach to the treatment of DUs and, in addition, presents a case report of a young female patient suffering from secondary RP with DUs, treated with bosentan.

Gratulujeme…

Za kolektiv I. interní kliniky Zoltán Paluch

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(4):198  

Pantoprazole for parenteral use

Ivona Šimková, Karel Urbánek

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(4):194-197  

Pantoprazole is one of the proton pump inhibitors, which is available in parenteral dosage form. It differs from other substances of this group by the absence of clinically significant drug interactions. It can be used in all indications of PPI if parenteral administration is preferable.