673
www.klinickafarmakologie.cz340804301076513320121425327329234035839843647950254457164568672477179183988990895196610061045
/26478043010757
Klin2723804301077091109157
Farmakol2900804301074279105179220258305325
Farm3245804301074178105179
2019;3444804301074487126164180
33(3):3644804301074485107150171185
11–163849804301074479120159198
/40668043010757
KLINICKÁ41438043010771114135194215269315373
FARMAKOLOGIE4536804301074392139212267313373416476535556599
A51578043010752
FARMACIE5230804301074292139211266317338381
1356558026012657110
ORIGINÁLNÍ4694207012673138172244278352422476549582
PRÁCE5298207012660124196256314
Targeting293736501063066101141173206224265304
asthma325736501063872104146200240
control351336501063271113145181222253
in378136501061657
real‑life385436501063365107138160191208239271
clinical41413650106326381122140174216247
practice440436501063268109143176194229261
by468036501063470
using47663650106397188129168
ICS/LABA49493650106165185111142184219259
combination522436501063271125161179220260288306346388
t‑test,34076230107274974113144170184
analysis536762301074085122138175206222252
of799762301074769
variance879762301074079102119156201238278
or1168762301074771
Chi‑square1251762301075195111136167213257295318358
test162176230107276797123
of1756762301074768
independence.1841762301071458104145340776301074990135181222267304344356
The707776301074188129
dependence847776301074889135177222268309353391430
of1289776301074768
qualitative1368776301074892130146162187225249265303343
variables1723776301074078101118155201218259290
wasmeasuredusing21407623010764102133217258295325369393432479538568584628674
a28267623010740
Spearman2878762301074187129166189260298343
correlation3232762301074083107132172188226250266311356
coefficient,3600762301074083125146170187214077630107405696142166180
with2332776301076480106151
an2495776301074085
appropriate2592776301074187134158203250274291328353392
test299677630107286798124
of3132776301074869
significance321377630107334995140156177195232271316353393
of3618776301074769
the3699776301072772113
coefficient394062301074085128150176194232249291337362
being431962301075093110156203
calculated45396230107408097136182199238263304352
as490862301074172
well.4997623010765107124141155
Multivariable5169623010770116133159176215255280297336383401444
logistic394076301071965114131162189206244
regression420276301072364112137178210242258304351
was4567763010765105137
used471876301074879121169
to490576301072569
calculate49897630107408097135181198237262303
the531076301072471113
odds543776301074896144175
ratio39409030107276692109155
(OR),411390301071976120142153
with428090301076582108155
a4448903010741
95%Confidence450290301074486148213258304326344391434480519559
Interval50799030107156186127151194233250
(CI),53479030107206784106117
and547890301074087134
by3940104301075087
a40461043010741
test4105104301072869101128
of4252104301074770
significance434010430107345098144161183201239279325364405
for476210430107257196
specified4876104301073481124164181203221263311
parameters.5206104301074989114154225268294335359392407
The3940118301074290132
significance408611830107345098144161183201239279325364405
level450811830107165897138156
was46781183010765104136
set4828118301073476102
at4944118301074166
the5028118301072471113
level515911830107155796138155
α53281183010748
=53901183010754
0.05.5458118301074458100141154
For3940132301074289115
the4074132301073381124
subsequent4217132301073986135167211260308351399425
logistic4660132301072572122139171199217257
regression4935132301073275124150192225258275322370
analysis,5324132301074794134152191225242274288
we39401463010765106
used4059146301074778120168
the4239146301072874116
parameters4368146301074988113152223265291331356388
from477314630107194489161
the4947146301072773115
baseline5075146301074989120162179195241283
logistic5376146301071460107124155181198236
regression3940160301072768116141182214245262308355
with4311160301076582108155
a44821603010741
significance453916030107345097143160182200239278325363404
of4959160301074870
p50451603010750
<51111603010754
0.1.518116030107445794104
Results39401850014768131181250281324375
Four4080202301074292142170
hundred42712023010757107157208236281333
and4626202301074999151
ninety‑four4798202301075777127173203247276302352402430
adult52502023010749100150170200
asthma547120230107508511639402163010748123164
patients4129216301074992120140184233261297
were44502163010765109137181
enrolled4651216301074897124172192212257308
in4979216301072372
the5071216301073281126
study5217216301073868117167208
with5449216301076585114164
a39402303010741
nearly4004230301074893134161182223
equal4247230301074697145187207
proportion4476230301075078126177227255287306355405
of4903230301074873
males49992303010774115135180215
and5234230301074392142
females.5397230301072670145186394024430107196499116
Baseline4076244301074588122167187207255301
characteristics4396244301074189131158201242273317344364398428448489525
of4940244301074873
the5034244301072776121
subjects5176244301073280131151195238269304
are5500244301074168112
shown3940258301073483132199249
in4209258301072776
Table4306258301074985136157202
2.4529258301075268
The46182583010749100146
mean47922583010774119161210
age5023258301074899144
at5188258301074977
the5286258301073585130
time5437258301073555130175
of3940272301074873
asthma4033272301074983113162237278
diagnosis4332272301075676117167216266300319353
was47132723010765107142
32.54875272301075294110155
(SD5051272301073172130
16.6)5202272301075191108154177
years.5400272301074791132159195212
The3940286301074292138
mean41042863010774119160209
disease4334286301075574108153194228273
duration46282863010755103131173201221270319
was49742863010765107142
6.35136286301075068113
years5270286301074690131158193
(SD5484286301073071129
7.5,394030030107445297112
median40733003010774119170190231280
443743003010744
years).4439300301074084125153188210224
There4684300301074293138165209
were49153003010765109136180
no5117300301074897
significant5235300301073453103152172197217258301350377
differences394031430107496993122166193237286328371406
in4366314301071867
age4453314301074091136
at4608314301074169
diagnosis4697314301074968110160209258293312345
or5062314301074876
the5158314301072776121
duration5299314301074997125167195215264313
of3940328301074873
the4033328301073685130
disease4183328301075776110155196230275
(p4479328301073182
=45823283010761
0.379,4663328301075268114155198211
p48953283010757
=49733283010761
0.418,5054328301075268112151191208
respectively)52823283010734781131632092512823023940342301074185105146169
between4133342301075095124193237283332
males44883423010774116135180215
and4724342301074392143
females.4887342301072771146187207252287304
Over52153423010760104148175
a54113423010743
half5478342301074890110134
of3940356301074873
the4033356301072877122
patients4176356301074992120139184233261297
(52%)4493356301072467110177199
had4712356301074990141
a48733563010741
positive49343563010750100134153182202244288
family5243356301072366141160180221
history54843563010748681013940370301072875103147
of4109370301074873
asthma,4202370301074276106155230271288
particularly4512370301074992119151171212260280322349369410
the4943370301072978123
younger5086370301074189139187238283310
ones.5418370301074897142177194
However,39403843010758110179226269316345359
their4321384301074294141162191
proportion4534384301076594145198251281314336387439
decreased49953843010764111155185231274310358411
with54293843010779101132184
increasing3940398301071969111139183225260279329380
age43413983010749100145
(ρ4507398301073283
=46113983010762
-0.197,4694398301073584100140180223230
p49453983010758
<50243983010762
0.001).5107398301075268114162203222236
Of5372398301076188
the5481398301073686131
4943940412301074589136
patients,40984123010759102131152198249277314332
744452412301075293
(154566412301073274114
%)4709412301076891
were48304123010766112140185
active5037412301075092125145189234
smokers52934123010742118169209255283319
irrespective394042630107194674118153203248291322342383428
of4386426301074873
gender4478426301074994143193238266
(p4764426301072273
=48564263010754
0.271).4929426301074360106149190209223
With5171426301077494123172
increasing53644263010717661071351792203940440301073453101152
age,4112440301074192137152
an4285440301074190
increasing4395440301072068110137181222256275324374
proportion4790440301075078126177227255287306355405
of5216440301074872
smokers53094403010734108157197241268303
was39404543010765107141
observed4103454301074899133178206251295346
(ρ4469454301072576
=45664543010754
0.101,4641454301074460100140181192
p48554543010750
=49264543010754
0.028).5001454301074461106148191215229
We40804683010774114
assessed4207468301074172104146178209252300
comorbidities4520468301074085157204229277295342359385402444476
according5009468301074180117162187233250296343
to5366468301072772
availablemedical54514683010741791191363940482301071957105122164250292340357395434451
records4404482301072667106150175221252
with4668482301076582108154
a48354823010741
focus4893482301071964103149179
on5085482301074894
ten5192482301072868114
diseases:531948230107486595137175207249280293
allergic394049630107415774116140186202240
rhinitis;419349630107267389135151177194224237
either444349630107435985131173197
chronic4653496301074086110155201217255
bronchitis4921496301074974119165204249266292308339
or5272496301074873
chronic5357496301074086110155201218256
obstructive3940510301074896127154179225264292309348389
pulmonary4342510301074995112183230276315339380
disease473551030107496596138176207250
(COPD);5002510301071967122165220240252
cardiovascular52675103010740801041501672132512903213940524301074087104144169
diseases;413252430107496698141180211254287300
atopic4450524301074672117166184223
dermatitis;4696524301075092117191230256273300317349362
gastrointestinal5081524301075089121148174220237284309351383411428475514531
and3940538301074187135
metabolic40985383010774116143182230278296312351
diseases;447253830107496697140178210252284297
thyroid4787538301073380116142188205252
gland5062538301074966105152199
disorders;528453830107496697144169216258283316329
rheumatic3940552301072774117163236275301318357
diseases;432055230107496697140179211254286299
depression;4642552301074992140166207239271288335382395
and5055552301074693141
chronic5214552301074592116162209226265
idiopathic5497552301072472893940566301074896135161207223262
urticaria.4215566301074772101117156195219237275290
Themajority4517566301074290132218257274320345363389429
of4959566301074870
patients5042566301074989114131173219244277
suffered5331566301073479101126168192233281
from394058030107244995167
at4125580301074570
least4213580301072365103135162
one4397580301074895137
comorbid4552580301074489161208233281299346
condition,4916580301074489135183200226243289336350
with5288580301076582108155
27%5465580301074483147
having3940594301074887125143189237
no4200594301074895
recorded4313594301073172112156182228271319
comorbidity,4650594301074590162209234283300347364391432441
49%5109594301074989155
having5287594301074887125143189237
at5542594301074571
least394060830107196199130157
one,4110608301074894137149
and4272608301074187134
25%at4419608301074486148202227
least466360830107155695126153
two4829608301072793138
comorbidities.4980608301074085157203228276293341357383400442474488
The5481608301074290132
most39406223010774120152179
frequent413762230107214788136182224271296
comorbidities4448622301074085157204229277295342359385402444476
were49396223010765107131173
allergic512762230107405874117141188204243
rhinitis538862230107247187133150176193224
(38%)3940636301072464106171190
and4147636301074087134
chronic4297636301074087111156203220259
bronchitis4572636301074974120167205252268295312342
or4931636301074773
COPD50206363010751107151206
(29%).5244636301072263104170189201
The39406610014763133195
impact41616610014732134205267321366
of45556610014767106
therapy46876610014744113175219280351410
and51246610014761130200
education39406750014762133202256318360391459528
on44956750014768137
asthma46606750014760111154223325386
control50726750014755123192234277345376
Day‑time4080692301075898136162190208281324
and4420692301074088136
night‑time4572692301074866114161188212239257330373
asthma4961692301074173102149221261
symptoms5238692301073474147196223269342374
At4080706301075378
the4176706301073380123
baseline4322706301075090122165183200246289
visit,463070630107456395111138153
93%4801706301074989153
of4977706301074871
the5066706301073380123
patients5212706301075090116133176222248281
reported55127063010731733940720301074996121149190237
day‑time4190720301074887123148174191262303
symptoms4506720301073372144191216261332363
related488172030107276784123147188235
to5129720301072772
asthma521372030107417298144215254
and5479720301074186133
813940734301074584
%40487343010768
reported4135734301073274124173199229271321
night‑time4480734301074966115163189212239257331375
symptoms.4873734301074080155204231277352384400
Over52977343010761103146171
the5487734301073482125
study3940748301073463110160200
treatment4158748301073460103142169243287335361
period,4543748301075195121140187237252
the4814748301073381125
occurrence4963748301074990128176201228270318359401
of5388748301074972
day5484748301075090129
and3940762301074289138
night4102762301074967115163189
symptoms4310762301073979154203230276350383
decreased4716762301075094135160203242275318368
markedly51087623010775115141178221271288328
(p5455762301072979
<55577623010755
0.001)3940776301074457100144182198
(Fig.415677630107226178125139
1).431177630107446071
Tab.34060801124992147170
2.52860801125076
Baseline64961301074389119156175193239277
characteristics94361301073783128154196234261298324342371397415453484
of144461301074568
subjects152861301073175120138176214242273
(n181761301072468
=1901613010753
494)197161301074181122144
Characteristic3717510984793135164205242272314343364398428449485
Sex3718740953777112
(n,501874095216276
%)5958740955978
Male3719940956299116156
23831959940953978117
(48%)3330994095215899159178
Female37111140953775141178195235
256319611140953979117
(52%)33311114095215996156175
Mean371123109866109150197
Age,58412310985197139159
years76012310984081122152186
(SD;96312310982464120139
median)1119123109867110158179220267289
All3711354095476481
39319413540953977
(16;32881354095215792107
37)34121354095397597
Male37114740956299116156
37.931461474095397582120
(16.5;32831474095215792107147160
37)34601474095397597
Female37115940953775141178195235
40.131201594095398094128
(15.9;32661594095215791104142157
37.5)34401594095397682122143
Mean371171109866109150197
age58417110984188130
at73017110984169
the81617110982875117
time94917110982849118160
of112617110984571
asthma121417110984074104150218260
diagnosis,149017110984768110156203249283304338358
years186417110984082123152187
(SD;206817110982464120139
median)2223171109868111158180221267290
All3711834095476481
32.531431834095397690130
(16.6;32901834095215792107147161
31)34691834095397490
Male37119540956299116156
31.831521954095397484125
(17.1;3294195409522579197132141
29)34531954095397798
Female37120740953775141178195235
33.231392074095397690131
(16.2;32882074095215792107147161
32)34672074095397696
Mean371219109866109150197
asthma58421910984175104151219260
duration,86121910984693122163192213259305325
years120321910984081123152186
(SD;140621910982464120139
median)1562219109868110158179220267289
All3712314095476481
6.331972314095395494
(7.3;33092314095216067107120
4)344623140953959
Male37124340956299116156
6.031952434095395494
(6.5;33062434095215974114126
4)345024340953958
Female37125540953775141178195235
6.631982554095395494
(7.9;33092554095226167105120
4)344625540953959
Active37126740954782110127164202
smokers59126740953095139173212236267
(n,8752674095216276
%)96926740955978
72319226740953978
(14.6%)32872674095225792106146205224
Family37127940953770136153170206
history5942794095436089116157182220
of83227940954264
asthma9142794095366692135201237
occurrence116927940954380114157181206244287324362
(n,15482794095216277
%)164227940955979
256317227940953979117
(51.8%)33072794095215994104145204224
Positive37129110984590123145173194236277
allergic6642911098416283126155202223260
status94029110983463105133179214
(n,11702911098246989
%)127529110986790
Inhaled37130340951760103140157196241
allergens6303034095365370109133176216259289
165317330340953974112
(33.4%)33033034095215996110149207227
Drugs/medication37131540955276120164193222286326371388424461486503546589
58319631540953978
(11.7%)3291315409521578899137196216
Food37132740953779123168
37321332740953975
(7.5%)33063274095216067107164184
Insect3713394095176090129166193
bite5823394095446287125
53258339409539
(1%)331533940952157111130
Occurrence37135140955491125168192217255298335373
of76135140954365
day-time84335140954480115140165182248287
symptoms114835140953066133177202244310340
at150635140953660
baseline158435140954482111151169185228268
(n,18693514095226377
%)196335140955979
459320035140953976113
(93%)33303514095215895153173
Occurrence37136340955491125168192217255298335373
of76136340954365
night-time84336340954360104147171193218235301341
symptoms120136340953067133178203245311341
at155936340953661
baseline163736340954582112151169186229268
(n,19233634095216276
%)201736340955978
401320036340953980116
(81%)33333634095215995150169
Limitation37137540953653119136161198222240283326
of71537540954264
daily7963754095448097114150
activities96437540953673100117154171197214253283
(n,12653754095216276
%)135937540955978
330319837540953976115
(67%)33313754095215996155174
Pulmonary37138710984590112180226273314343386
function77438710982572119155186207253299
testing109038710982869104133154200247
at135438710984069
baseline143938710984789123165187208254296
(n,17523871098246989
%)185738710986790
Mean371399409562102138181
prebronchodilator57039940954468107151175218261298341384429446463499524566590
FEV1117739940953774117155
(l)13493994095223961
2.433053994095395392
%371411409559
predicted44741140954569107152169205233271316
77331241140953978
Without37142340956684109152196239264
ventilatory65342340953675118142159176213237279303342
disorder10124234095446190134158201241264
105320142340953975113
(21%)33324234095215995149169
Mild3714354095628097141
obstructive52943540954388118144168211248275292329368
ventilatory91443540953675118143160177213238279304342
disorder12744354095436090133157201240264
184319843540953974115
(37%)33314354095215995154174
Moderate371447409562106151190214251276314
obstructive70344740954287117143167211247274291328367
ventilatory108844740953675118142159176212237279303342
disorder14474474095446190133158201240264
156319944740953973112
(32%)33284474095215996155175
Severe37145940953777113152176215
or60345940954367
very6874594095377599138
severe84245940953070106145169208
obstructive106745940954388118144168211248275292329368
ventilatory145245940953675118143160177213238279304342
disorder18124594095436090133157201240264
31323745940953974
(6%)332845940952259118137
Combined37147140954687154198216259298343
ventilatory73247140953674118142159176212237279303342
disorder10914714095446190133158201240264
18323847140953974
(4%)333047140952158116135
Asthma37148310985186115161230271
medication659483109868110158179216258286307353400
at107548310984169
baseline116148310984788122164186207254296
(n,14744831098246888
%)157948310986789
ICS37149540951763102
alone4904954095365497140180
58319649540953978
(11.7%)3291495409521578899137196216
ICS37150740951763102
+490507409548
LABA55550740953685126172
416317250740953973108
(84.2%)329850740952159100114155214234
Montelukast371519409562106149174212229272306344374400
31321051940953974
(6.3%)33015194095225974114173192
Tiotropium3715314095375699124148190235252295361
bromide74953140954469111177194238277
53258531409539
(1%)331553140952157111130
Theophylline37154340953782121165210254288306323340383422
34320654340953979
(6.8%)33035434095215873114173193
Systemic37155540953771101127166231248284
corticosteroids67355540953677102130147183225255281319343385402446476
93230555409539
(1.8%)32875554095215767108167186
Antihistamines37156740954790114131174191221247284350366409449479
215318856740953975108
(4.4.%)33145674095215872111125181201
Comorbidities37157910984792161207236284305353374403424466500
Allergic3715914095476481120144188204241
rhinitis6295914095246784127144169186216
38%328359140953978137
Chronic37160340954688112154198215251
bronchitis64060340954468110154190233250275292322
or97960340954367
chronic106460340953679102144188205241
obstructive132360340954287117143167211247274292328367
pulmonary170860340954487104170213257293317356
disease20816034095446190130166196235
29%328260340953978138
Cardiovascular37161540954683107150167210246283313350392410446470
disease8586154095446190130166196235
16%328561540953974133
Atopic37162740954771112157175211
dermatitis59962740954483107174210235252277294324
9%330262740953999
Gastrointestinal37163940955087117143167209227269294332362388405448485502
and89163940953679123
metabolic1032639409565105130167212256273290326
disorders13766394095436090133157201240264295
7%330263940953998
Thyroid37165140953782116141183201245
gland6336514095446197140184
disorders8356514095446090133158201240264295
2%330265140953998
Tuberculosis37166340953775119160184219261279322352368398
1%330566340953994
Rheumatologic37167540954084124166232269293335353396441458494
disorders8826754095446190134158201241265295
1%330567540953994
Depression37168740955292136161199229259276319363
0.6%32756874095395393152
Chronic37169940954688112154198215251
idiopathic6406994095166077120165202227270287323
urticaria9816994095426694111147184208226262
0.2%32756994095395394153
Other37171140955480124163187
9%330271140953999
ICS3717234095176096
=481723409548
inhaled5437234095175899139156190231
corticosteroids7887234095347296121138171210237261293317356373413440
LABA37173340953379117159
=545733409547
long-acting6077334095165798139163205239264280321362
β2-adrenoreceptor98373340954178100142183206239281321345378411444485508547571
agonist156873340954081122163180206230
FEV137174340953569110145
=530743409548
forced5927434095216084116149189
expiratory79674340953468109126149187210249273308
volume11197434095337390130194228
at136274340954063
first1440743409520376088112
second15667434095286296134176217