Klinická farmakologie a farmacie č. 1/2019

Redakce

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2019;33(1)  

Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Pavel Rozsíval, CSc., FEBO – editor hlavního tématu

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2019;33(1):2  

Review analyzing the effectiveness of interventions to promote medication adherence in patients after solid organ transplantation

Barbora Vaňková, Kateřina Malá‑Ládová, Sylvie Dusilová Sulková, Josef Malý

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2019;33(1):4-11 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2019.002  

Introduction and objective: Non-adherence to immunosuppressive therapy may lead to graft rejection in transplanted patients.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to promote adherence to immunosuppressives in patientsafter transplantation of kidney, heart, liver, lung, or combination of the above mentioned organs in previously published secondaryliterature reviews.Methods: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Database of Systematic Review were searched using the following search terms: “adherence”,or “compliance”, “transplant*” and “interven*”. The...

The therapy of ocular manifestations of immune mediated inflammatory diseases

Aneta Klímová, Petra Svozílková, Michaela Brichová, Eva Říhová, Pavlína Skalická, Jarmila Heissigerová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2019;33(1):12-18 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2019.031  

Immune mediated inflammatory diseases cause impairment of joints, skin, kidneys, lungs or cause neurological and ocular symptoms. Ocular manifestation of immune mediated inflammatory diseases involves conjunctiva (conjunctivitis), sclera and episclera (scleritis and episcleritis), cornea (keratitis), retina (retinitis), uvea, which comprises iris, ciliary body and choroid (uveitis). Beside the eye, surrounding tissues may be affected – optic nerve, lacrimal gland and soft tissues of the orbit. The severity of ocular impairment may be variable, even sight threatening, sometimes cause discomfort or pain. Local therapy with eye drops, periocular...

Use of anti‑VEGF drugs in ophthalmology

Alexandr Stepanov, Jan Studnička

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2019;33(1):19-24 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2019.032  

Intravitreal injections of antibodies blocking VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) are an effective treatment for the wet form of age‑related macular degeneration, macular edema in retinal vein occlusion, diabetic macular edema, and choroidal neovascular membranes in less frequent macular diseases. A blockade of VEGF leads to interference of the permeability of retinal and choroidal blood vessels, angiogenesis, cytokine production and influences the inflammatory response. There are currently 2 approved anti‑VEGF drugs (ranibizumab and aflibercept), with a multicentre, randomized, clinical trial showing a positive clinical effect as...

Overview of ophthalmic dosage forms

Lukáš Láznička, Zdeňka Šklubalová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2019;33(1):25-27 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2019.003  

For the treatment and prevention of ocular diseases, most patients are treated with conventional drug delivery formulations such aseye drops or ointments. Their disadvantage is the low bioavailability of the drug and frequent application. The new trends in the developmentof ophthalmic preparations include the use of modern excipients and dosage forms to achieve higher bioavailability of thedrug. However, only a few modern devices have come into common clinical practice while others are being investigated in clinical trials.

Ocular side effects of antiglaucoma drugs

Petr Výborný

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2019;33(1):28-31 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2019.004  

Subjective symptoms of local side effects of antiglaucomatics may decrease the patients compliance. For better orientation inthis issue, the actual data and important clinical findings in this field have been summarized and discussed.

Current pharmacotherapy of viral hepatitis

Petr Husa

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2019;33(1):32-37 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2019.005  

Acute viral hepatitis therapy is under hospitalization at departments of infectious diseases and does not differ according to different types of viral hepatitis and it is only symptomatic. Acute hepatitis B is in the most cases benign disease and it does not require antiviral therapy. Use of oral antiviral drugs is indicated only in serious or protracted acute hepatitis B. Acute hepatitis E therapy is only symptomatic in most cases, serious clinical forms of this hepatitis are treated empirically with ribavirin, this drug is also used in chronic hepatitis E. At present, the absolute majority of chronic hepatitis B patients in Europe and in the Czech...

Hypnotic drugs in treating insomnia

Martin Pretl

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2019;33(1):38-42 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2019.006  

Insomnia is defined as a persistent difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, or quality despite adequate circumstances for good-quality sleep, thus affecting the quality of life, daily functioning, and even causing somatic symptoms. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders divides insomnia into chronic (for a minimum period of three months, for at least three times a week) and acute. Chronic insomnia affects at least 5–10% of the population. Nonpharmacological treatment – psychotherapy is recommended as first-line treatment for insomnia. The best effect is achieved with cognitive behavioural therapy. Only if this treatment...

Chemotherapy dose adjustment in patient with amputed arm and leg

Jan Dvořák, Marie Bělehradová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2019;33(1):43-45 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2019.033  

The dose of cytotoxic drugs is often calculated by the body surface area (BSA) or body weight. However, patiens after limb amputation cannot be estimated by standard calculation of BSA. This case shows patient after amputation of the arm and leg, treated for tonsil cancer by chemoradiotherapy. Cisplatin was administred weekly, 6 series with concomitant radiotherapy. The dose was adjusted to incomplet body constitution, according to modified BSA calculation. BSA was modified by the „rule of nines“, known from burn medicine, where every side of leg and every arm takes 9 % of the BSA. There was also involved modified renal function parameters...