Clinical Pharmacology - current importance and future perspectives

MD. Folke Sjöqvist, PhD

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2009;23(1):5  

Therapeutic monitoring of gentamicin in critically ill newborns during the first postnatal week of life

Jiřina Martínková, Pavla Pokorná, Jiří Záhora, Ing. Jaroslav Chládek Ph.D, Jiřina Cihládková, Václav Vobruba

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2009;23(1):6-14  

In this prospective study, 60 septic neonates critically ill during the first week treated with gentamicin (GE) were enrolled. Both GE bactericidal effects and toxicity are more dependent on plasma concentrations (Cpl) than on the dose. GE peak plasma concentrations (Cpeak) within the range of 6–10 mg/l are needed for bactericidal effects while Ctrough < 2 mg/L are recommended to prevent toxicity. GE individual pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were estimated after the first standard dose (4 mg/kg) by 2-compartment modeling using the MWPHARM 3.15 computer program and four Cpl assayed by fluoroimmunochemistry (TDx Abbott). Cpeak1 exceeded 10...

Skin-related adverse drug reactions

doc. MUDr. Marie Viktorinová CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2009;23(1):15-18  

The article presents an overview of aetiopathogenetic factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of skin-related adverse drug reactions (drug-induced exanthemas) that may occur following both internal and external drug use.

Acne treatment

MUDr. Martina Bienová Ph.D, MUDr. Renata Kučerová Ph.D

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2009;23(1):19-23  

Acne is the most common disease affecting especially adolescents of all ethnic groups with different incidence. Prevalence is almost 100 % with differences of disease seriousness. Although not life-threatening and not a major player in clinical and laboratory research, acne markedly influences quality of life and constitutes a socioeconomic problem. Not less than 15–30 % of acne patients require medical treatment due to severity of their clinical condition, 2–7 % of them experience life long post-acne scars. Choice of the treatment depends on severity of the clinical stage, i. e. number of skin lesions, extent or duration of the disease,...

The most frequent sexually transmitted diseases

MUDr. Klaudia Dvořáková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2009;23(1):24-29  

The number of patients with skin and mucous membrance manifestation on the genital increases in out-patients´ departaments. The rea son is decreasing age limit of the beginning of sexual activity among young people (before the age of 16), as well as the fear of the HIV transmission danger. Another reason is also possibility of inception of pre-malign or malign lesions connected with sexually transmitted infections. There is a whole range of diseases that are classified as sexually transmitted infections and that are induced by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Differential diagnosis of diseases is extensive. The reason is that the localization...

Viral hepatitis C

prof. MUDr. Petr Husa CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2009;23(1):30-34  

Since the early 21st century, the standard treatment for chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been the combination of pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin. However, new ways of how to make the most of the therapeutic potential of these drugs are being sought. Based on an analysis of baseline parameters, relating to both the virus and the patient, and on monitoring viral kinetics in the early stages of antiviral therapy, the required duration of treatment is tailored specifically to fit an individual patient‘s needs. Repeated treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin results in achieving a sustained virological...

Functional dyspepsia

prof. MUDr. Jiří Ehrmann CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2009;23(1):35-41  

Many different sets of symptoms have been used synonymously with the term dyspepsia which has caused confusion. Most patiens do not recognized the term dyspepsia and most physicians have interpreted the term dyspepsia very variably. The functional dyspepsia, the most frequent component of functional gastrointestinal disorders is definited as the presence of symptoms thought to originate in the gastrointestinal region, in the absence of any organic, systemic, or metabolic diseases that is likely to explain the symptoms. The main top of this article is to present the historical development of conceptions of the functional gastrointestinal diseases,...

Influence of cholesterol metabolizm by nitrogen - containing bisphosphonates

MUDr. Ľubica Cibičková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2009;23(1):42-43  

This review summarizes pieces of knowledge about the influence of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) on cholesterol metabolizm. This issue has been studied just little so far. Ibandronate, pamidronate, zolendronate, risedronate and alendronate belong to N-BPs. Their mechanism of action is the inhibition of pharnesylpyrophosphfate synthetase (or isopenthenyl transpherase), an enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Owing to this ability, positive influence on lipidogram (lowering of serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and increase of HDL-cholesterol) has been demonstrated in the majority of clinical studies. There is not enough data...

Acute pericarditis as an adverse effect of mesalazine

MUDr. Dominika Hajdu, František Šincl, MUDr. Ján Ürge, doc. MUDr. Vlastimil Procházka Ph.D

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2009;23(1):44-45  

Pericarditis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease may appear as an extraintestinal manifestation or as an adverse effect of treatment. 37-year-old male with active ulcerative colitis was admitted to hospital with chest pain, fever and ECG changes in limb and precordial leads and increased CRP plasma level. Three weeks before initation of complaint, treatment with mesalamine and methylprednisolone was started. Ulcerative colitis was diagnosed by coloscopy and histology. Adverse effect of mesalamine treatment was suspected, mesalamine was discontinued, dose of metylprednisolone was increased and azathioprine was added. Few days later chest...

Zpráva z 58. farmakologických dnů

doc. MUDr. Dagmar Lincová CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2009;23(1):46